Social Loafing

Invisible effort weakens collective performance

Matthew Effect

Small early advantages can widen over time

Outcome Bias

Outcome bias causes people to judge decisions mainly by how they turned out, even when luck, uncertainty and hidden constraints played a major role in the result.

What Is Gap Analysis?

Goal minus current performance equals gap, and the difficulty hides in each term.

Ringelmann Effect

Unclear accountability reduces effort in groups

Great Consultants Versus Good Ones

Good consultants execute reliably; great ones add judgment, coaching and business acumen.

Goodhart Law

Targets distort the measures meant to guide them

Amdahl's Law

Serial bottlenecks cap the gains from parallelism

Campbell's Law

High-stakes indicators distort the reality they measure

Galatea Effect

What people expect of themselves can lift output

Hawthorne Effect

Observation itself can alter the behavior being measured

Köhler Effect

Weak links often work harder when they matter